Lawrence Kohlberg (October 25, 1927 – January 19, 1987) was a Jewish American psychologist born in Bronxville, New York, who served as a professor at the University of Chicago, as well as Harvard University. Having specialized in research on moral education and reasoning, he is best known for his theory of stages of moral development. A close follower of Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development, Kohlberg's work reflected and extended his predecessor's ideas, at the same time creating a new field within psychology: "moral development". Scholars such as Elliot Turiel and James Rest have responded to Kohlberg's work with their own significant contributions. In an empirical study by Haggbloom et al. using six criteria, such as citations and recognition, Kohlberg was found to be the 30th most eminent psychologist of the 20th century.^[1]

stages of moral development

In his 1958 dissertation, Kohlberg wrote what are now known as Kohlberg's stages of moral development.^[2] These stages are planes of moral adequacy conceived to explain the development of moral reasoning. Created while studying psychology at the University of Chicago, the theory was inspired by the work of Jean Piaget and a fascination with children's reactions to moral dilemmas.^[3] Kohlberg proposed a form of “Socratic” moral education and reaffirmed Dewey’s idea that development should be the aim of education. He also outlined how educators can influence moral development without indoctrination and how public school can be engaged in moral education consistent with the Constitution.^[4]

His theory holds that moral reasoning,which is the basis for ethical behavior, has six identifiable developmental constructive stages - each more adequate at responding to moral dilemmas than the last.^[5] In studying these, Kohlberg followed the development of moral judgment that is far beyond the ages originally studied earlier by Piaget,^[6] who also claimed that logic and morality develop through constructive stages.^[5] Expanding considerably upon this groundwork, it was determined that the process of moral development was principally concerned with justice and that its development continued throughout the life span,^[2] even spawning dialogue of philosophical implications of such research.^[7][8]

Kohlberg studied moral reasoning by presenting subjects with moral dilemmas. He would then categorize and classify the reasoning used in the responses, into one of six distinct stages, grouped into three levels: pre-conventional, conventional and post-conventional.^[9][10][11] Each level contains two stages. These stages heavily influenced others and have been utilized by others like James Rest in making the Defining Issues Test in 1979.^[12]

ako ay Pilipino literature analysis

Ako ay Pilipino-

Ako ay Pilipino
Ang dugo'y maharlika
Likas sa aking puso
Adhikaing kay ganda
Sa Pilipinas na aking bayan
Lantay na Perlas ng Silanganan
Wari'y natipon ang kayamanan ng Maykapal

Bigay sa 'king talino
Sa mabuti lang laan
Sa aki'y katutubo
Ang maging mapagmahal

CHORUS:
Ako ay Pilipino,
Ako ay Pilipino
Isang bansa isang diwa
Ang minimithi ko
Sa Bayan ko't Bandila
Laan Buhay ko't Diwa
Ako ay Pilipino,
Pilipinong totoo
Ako ay Pilipino,
Ako ay Pilipino
Taas noo kahit kanino
Ang Pilipino ay Ako!

George Canseco (April 23, 1934 – November 19, 2004) was a leading Filipino song composer. He is regarded by music critics as one of the best sentimental music maker of his time. His music has become part of the ground on which Original Pilipino Music stand on. Most of his songs were interpreted by the country's ace balladeer, Basil Valdez, whose career as a solo artist took fortunate turns when he recorded "Ngayon at Kailanman" in 1978. The songs "Kapantay Ay Langit," "Ikaw", "Gaano Kadalas Ang Minsan", "Paano", "Sana'y Wala Nang Wakas", "Hanggang sa Dulo ng Walang Hanggan", "Hiram", "Kahapon Lamang" and "Dito Ba?" are but a few of Canseco's 300 compositions, all defining what classic hits should be.

ako ay Pilipino literature analysis

Ako ay Pilipino-

Ako ay Pilipino
Ang dugo'y maharlika
Likas sa aking puso
Adhikaing kay ganda
Sa Pilipinas na aking bayan
Lantay na Perlas ng Silanganan
Wari'y natipon ang kayamanan ng Maykapal

Bigay sa 'king talino
Sa mabuti lang laan
Sa aki'y katutubo
Ang maging mapagmahal

CHORUS:
Ako ay Pilipino,
Ako ay Pilipino
Isang bansa isang diwa
Ang minimithi ko
Sa Bayan ko't Bandila
Laan Buhay ko't Diwa
Ako ay Pilipino,
Pilipinong totoo
Ako ay Pilipino,
Ako ay Pilipino
Taas noo kahit kanino
Ang Pilipino ay Ako!

George Canseco (April 23, 1934 – November 19, 2004) was a leading Filipino song composer. He is regarded by music critics as one of the best sentimental music maker of his time. His music has become part of the ground on which Original Pilipino Music stand on. Most of his songs were interpreted by the country's ace balladeer, Basil Valdez, whose career as a solo artist took fortunate turns when he recorded "Ngayon at Kailanman" in 1978. The songs "Kapantay Ay Langit," "Ikaw", "Gaano Kadalas Ang Minsan", "Paano", "Sana'y Wala Nang Wakas", "Hanggang sa Dulo ng Walang Hanggan", "Hiram", "Kahapon Lamang" and "Dito Ba?" are but a few of Canseco's 300 compositions, all defining what classic hits should be.

kayers of the atmostphere

Exosphere

The outermost layer of Earth's atmosphere extends from the exobase upward. It is mainly composed of hydrogen and helium. The particles are so far apart that they can travel hundreds of kilometres without colliding with one another. Since the particles rarely collide, the atmosphere no longer behaves like a fluid. These free-moving particles follow ballistic trajectories and may migrate into and out of the magnetosphere or the solar wind.

Thermosphere

Temperature increases with height in the thermosphere from the mesopause up to the thermopause, then is constant with height. Unlike in the stratosphere, where the inversion is caused by absorption of radiation by ozone, in the thermosphere the inversion is a result of the extremely low density of molecules. The temperature of this layer can rise to 1,500 °C (2,730 °F), though the gas molecules are so far apart that temperature in the usual sense is not well defined. The air is so rarified, that an individual molecule (of oxygen, for example) travels an average of 1 kilometer between collisions with other molecules.^[3] The International Space Station orbits in this layer, between 320 and 380 km (200 and 240 mi). Because of the relative infrequency of molecular collisions, air above the mesopause is poorly mixed compared to air below. While the composition from the troposphere to the mesosphere is fairly constant, above a certain point, air is poorly mixed and becomes compositionally stratified. The point dividing these two regions is known as the turbopause. The region below is the homosphere, and the region above is the heterosphere. The top of the thermosphere is the bottom of the exosphere, called the exobase. Its height varies with solar activity and ranges from about 350–800 km (220–500 mi; 1,100,000–2,600,000 ft).

Mesosphere

The mesosphere extends from the stratopause to 80–85 km (50–53 mi; 260,000–280,000 ft). It is the layer where most meteors burn up upon entering the atmosphere. Temperature decreases with height in the mesosphere. The mesopause, the temperature minimum that marks the top of the mesosphere, is the coldest place on Earth and has an average temperature around −85 °C (−121 °F; 188.1 K).^[4] At the mesopause, temperatures may drop to −100 °C (−148 °F; 173.1 K).^[5] Due to the cold temperature of the mesophere, water vapor is frozen, forming ice clouds (or Noctilucent clouds). A type of lightning referred to as either sprites or ELVES, form many miles above thunderclouds in the troposphere.

Stratosphere

The stratosphere extends from the tropopause to about 51 km (32 mi; 170,000 ft). Temperature increases with height due to increased absorption of ultraviolet radiation by the ozone layer, which restricts turbulence and mixing. While the temperature may be -60° −60 °C (−76 °F; 213.2 K) at the troposphere, the top of the stratosphere is much warmer, and may be near freezing^{[citation needed]}. The stratopause, which is the boundary between the stratosphere and mesosphere, typically is at 50 to 55 km (31 to 34 mi; 160,000 to 180,000 ft). The pressure here is 1/1000 sea level.

Troposphere

The troposphere begins at the surface and extends to between 9 km (30,000 ft) at the poles and 17 km (56,000 ft) at the equator^[6], with some variation due to weather. The troposphere is mostly heated by transfer of energy from the surface, so on average the lowest part of the troposphere is warmest and temperature decreases with altitude. This promotes vertical mixing (hence the origin of its name in the Greek word "τροπή", trope, meaning turn or overturn). The troposphere contains roughly 80%^{[citation needed]} of the mass of the atmosphere. The tropopause is the boundary between the troposphere and stratosphere.

Other layers

Within the five principal layers determined by temperature are several layers determined by other properties.

• The ozone layer is contained within the stratosphere. In this layer ozone concentrations are about 2 to 8 parts per million, which is much higher than in the lower atmosphere but still very small compared to the main components of the atmosphere. It is mainly located in the lower portion of the stratosphere from about 15–35 km (9.3–22 mi; 49,000–110,000 ft), though the thickness varies seasonally and geographically. About 90% of the ozone in our atmosphere is contained in the stratosphere.

• The ionosphere, the part of the atmosphere that is ionized by solar radiation, stretches from 50 to 1,000 km (31 to 620 mi; 160,000 to 3,300,000 ft) and typically overlaps both the exosphere and the thermosphere. It forms the inner edge of the magnetosphere. It has practical importance because it influences, for example, radio propagation on the Earth. It is responsible for auroras.

• The homosphere and heterosphere are defined by whether the atmospheric gases are well mixed. In the homosphere the chemical composition of the atmosphere does not depend on molecular weight because the gases are mixed by turbulence.^[7] The homosphere includes the troposphere, stratosphere, and mesosphere. Above the turbopause at about 100 km (62 mi; 330,000 ft) (essentially corresponding to the mesopause), the composition varies with altitude. This is because the distance that particles can move without colliding with one another is large compared with the size of motions that cause mixing. This allows the gases to stratify by molecular weight, with the heavier ones such as oxygen and nitrogen present only near the bottom of the heterosphere. The upper part of the heterosphere is composed almost completely of hydrogen, the lightest element.

• The planetary boundary layer is the part of the troposphere that is nearest the Earth's surface and is directly affected by it, mainly through turbulent diffusion. During the day the planetary boundary layer usually is well-mixed, while at night it becomes stably stratified with weak or intermittent mixing. The depth of the planetary boundary layer ranges from as little as about 100 m on clear, calm nights to 3000 m or more during the afternoon in dry regions.

The average temperature of the atmosphere at the surface of Earth is 14 °C (57 °F; 287 K)^[8] or 15 °C (59 °F; 288 K),^[9] depending on the reference.^{[10] [11][12]}

Lesterabedejos29

true????

	THE MONTAUK MYSTERY (and Monster ) Mainstream public awareness of this "Montauk" mystery seems to have really begun in 1992 when Preston Nichols and Peter Moon wrote a book called "The Montauk Project - "Experiments in Time". Since then many researchers, fanatics, serious scientists, journalists, Long Island residents and conspiracy theorists have dug away at the claims made and this story is the result. We’ve done our best to connect up the pieces and present a “big picture” in an objective way. Long Island has always been New York's party-playground but it has also been the location of many very "strange" and important military bases and scientific research facilities. Some are still there and remain operational.	"A picture circulating on the Internet of the alleged Montauk Monster" (A remarkably "professional" picture given that it was taken in a hurry by a teenage girl with her friends camera.) It's about the size of a cat.

OUTRAGEOUS HOAX OR PROFESSIONAL COVER UP? If ever there was a mystery that has everything from UFOs to USA Government Mind Control experiments then this Montauk event has it. In fact, it seems as if this mystery has everything that any paranoid conspiracy theorist could ever wish for. Weird Experiments, Missing Nazi Gold, Time Travel, Corporate Neo-Orders, Nazi Scientists, Invisibility, Secret Weapons, Abductions, Men in Black, Biogenetics, Secret Animal Research, Wormholes, Black holes, Displaced Native Indians, Inter-dimensional Portals, The Mafia, Bolivian Drug Cartels, Secret Agents and even an Alien or Mutant Monster (photographs available). This bizarre mystery has it all! Books have been written about it, people have allegedly been sent to jail just for investigating it and regardless of the huge interest it is generating on the Internet – mainstream media won’t touch it. And ... who could blame them? But is there really something to this story? Before you dismiss this mystery as the hallucinations of the lunatic fringe or the maligned efforts of marketing people, just remember that one of the best ways to hide something is to “muddy-the-waters” by adding so much nonsense to a subject that people simply don’t know what to believe and what to discard – and so to save time and effort they discard everything! This is a genuine misinformation tactic sometimes referred to as the “Wood-for-the-Trees” or “Subject Assassination” method. “Just because you’re paranoid doesn't mean they’re not out to get you!” Kurt Cobain - American Musician – Nirvana - 1967-1994. The circumstances of Mr. Corbain’s apparent suicide are still a matter of debate. Before we go any further please note that Aquiziam is not trying to solve this mystery (no more letters please unless you have seriously hard evidence) – we merely wish to represent it in an objective way. That’s the purpose of the website. As always ... we encourage our readers to be sceptical, to do their own research and to make up their own minds. “The last civil liberty that people should be prepared to lose is the right to think for themselves. Sadly, because of contentment and laziness, it is often the first that they give away.” Paul Vincent, British Author (1964 - ) THE MYSTERY Given that the modern (Western) history of Long Island (and Montauk), USA, starts as early as 1524 and that it has experienced many changes in culture and occupation, it is not surprising that it has a rich record of dark and sometimes inexplicable incidents. We may list more of these later in another section. There are three main parts to this 60 year Montauk Mystery that may or may not be interlinked. The Philadelphia Experiment and Montauk Project (Camp Hero / Montauk Air Force Base) Fort Terry and the Plum Island Animal Disease Centre (Plum Island) The Montauk Monster (Ditch Plains Beach - Montauk) The area of Montauk is located at the tip of the south fork of Long Island which, in turn, forms part of the Eastern Seaboard of the USA and is the dominant offshore landmass that stretches from New York towards the Cape Cod Peninsular. If there was ever a place perfectly suited for secret activity then this is it. Heavily wooded in places, surrounded by water on three sides, pock-marked by marshes, isolated and easily secured, Long Island and the Montauk District in particular is just the sort of place we would choose. (50 years ago) Over the years Long Island and other smaller islands near it have been, and still are, home to specialist research organisations. Only a picture can prove what we mean.

Exodus 3-12 deliberation of Egypt

Moses grew up in the house of Pharoah, the ruler of Egypt. He became a very wise man. Moses knew that he was not an Egyptian, but that his real parents were Israelite slaves.

When Moses was about 40 years old, he decided to go and see how his people were getting along. It was terrible how they were being treated. He saw an Egyptian beating an Israelite slave. He look around and when no one was watching, he hit the Egyptian and the Egyptian died. Then Moses hid his body in the sand.

The next day, Moses went out to see his people again. He thought he could help them so they wouldn’t have to be slaves anymore. But he saw two Israelite man fighting. Moses said to one of the man, “Why are you beating your brother?” But the man said, “Who made you ruler and judge? Are you going to kill me just as you killed that Egyptian?”

Moses now became afraid, he knew that people had found out what he had done to the Egyptian. Even Pharoah heard about it and so he send his men to kill Moses.. But the Pharoah men failed to kill Moses because Moses escape. He left Egypt and went far away to the land of Median. There he met the family of Jethro and married one of his daughters named Zipporah. Moses became a shepherd to take care of Jethro’s flocks.

When Moses was 80 years old, when searching for good grass for his sheep in the Mount Horeb, he found a strange burning bush. Though the bush was on fire, yet it is not consumed by the fire. Moses was astound upon seeing this strange phenomenon. This is strange thought Moses. So he decided to go closer to take a closer look. But he suddenly heard a voice saying, “Do not come closer, take off your sandals for you are standing on Holy Ground.” It was God who was speaking.

God then said, “I have seen the suffering of my people in Egypt so I am going to free them, and you are the one I am sending to lead them.” Yahweh was going to bring his people to Canaan.

But Moses doubted, “I am nobody, How can I do this? But suppose I do go, the Israelites will say to me, Who sent you? Then what will I say?” “This is what you say.” God answered. Yahweh, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac and the God of Jacob has sent me to you.” Still Moses was in doubt. Yahweh asked, “What’s on your hands?” “A stick.” Said Moses. “Then throw it to the ground.” Said God. When Moses did, it turn to a snake. Yahweh then showed Moses two more miracles then Moses believe.

Moses then started his journey back to Egypt. As soon as he reached Egypt, he went to his brother Aaron and he told him about the miracles. When they showed these miracles to the Israelite slaves, they all believe that God was with them.

With Moses and Aaron, they went to the Pharaoh and said, “Yahweh the God of Israel says Let my people go for three days so they can worship me in the wilderness.”

But the Pharaoh insisted and answered, “ I don’t believe in Yahweh and I’m not going to let Israel go.” And Pharaoh was angry because the Israelites wanted time from work to worship their God. So he forced them to work harder. The Israelites blame Moses and Aaron for how badly they were treated. This made Moses sad. But God told him not to worry because He will make the Pharaoh let the Israelites go.

Once again Moses and Aaron went to see Pharaoh. This time they did the miracle. Moses threw his stick and it turn to a snake but the wise man of Pharaoh also threw his stick and it turn to a snake too, but the snake of Moses just ate the snake of the wise man. In spite of all these miracles, Pharaoh insisted not to let the Israelites go.

The time for Yahweh to make His actions, to teach the Pharaoh a good lesson and to let the Israelites go for three days to worship Him in the wilderness.

God sent the 10 plaques of Egypt. During the time of the plaques, the Pharaoh told Moses to stop the plaques because he will let the Israelites go, but when Moses stopped it the Pharaoh decided not to let the Israelites go. The plaques continue and after the ten plaques, Pharaoh let the Israelites go away.

THE TEN PLAQUES

The first plaque happened when Moses hit the Nile river with his stick, the water turned to blood, the fishes died, the river began to stink causing the Egyptians to lose their water source.

The second plaque was when God caused frogs to come out of the Nile river. They were everywhere that the people can no longer move because frogs are everywhere. The frogs died that the Egyptians filed them in great heaps and the land stink with them.

Moses hit the ground with his stick and the dust turned into “Gnats.” These are small bugs that bites. This is the third plaque in Egypt.

The rest of the plaques hit only the Egyptians and not the Israelites.

The fourth plaque was big flies that swarmed into the houses of the Egyptians causing them trouble.

The fifth was on the animals. Many of the cattle, sheep and goats of the Egyptians died.

Next, Moses and Aaron took some ashes and threw it to the air and it causes bad sores on the people and animals.

The seventh plaque, Moses raised his hands towards the skies and God sent thunder and hail the worse hailstorm that Egypt had ever had.

The eight plaque was a large swarm of locust. They ate everything that the hail had not destroyed.

The ninth plaque was of darkness. For three days, thick darkness covered the land. The Israelites has light in their houses.

Finally, God told His people to sprinkle blood of young goat or young lamp on the door posts so that God’s angels upon seeing the blood on the door post will not kill the people inside but those houses without blood in the door posts, they will kill the first born ones or both man and animals. Thus the Israelites call it Passover, this was the tenth plaque.

After the last plaque, the Pharaoh told the Israelites to leave. God’s people were all ready to go and that very night they started their march out of Egypt.

prepared by: lester abedejos